What counts as "a" sound and how "to count" a sound, the problems of individuating and identifying sounds

This paper addresses the problem of sound individuation (SI) and its connection to sound ontology (SO). It is argued that the problems of SI, such as aspatiality, extreme individuation, indexical perplexity and duration puzzles are due to SO’s uncertainties. Besides, I describe the views in SO, including the wave view (WV), the property view (PV), and the event view (EV), as Casey O’Callaghan defends it. According to O’Callaghan, EV offers clear standards to individuate sounds. However, this claim is countered by the consideration that any view could also defend the standards in SO, and thus, EV does not solve any of the problems mentioned above. As a way of showing the difficulties inherited by sound’s inner ontology, the problem of its linguistic representation is also addressed. The problem of SI can be developed within the frame of the philosophy of language and, specifically, regarding the discussion about mass vs count-­sortal terms. Is the term sound a mass or a count­-sortal? It is shown that, for reasons pertaining SO, the decision regarding the case of sound as a mass or count-­sortal term remains open. SI is, thus, covered from the SO to the philosophy of language

Sound Ontology and the Brentano-Husserl Analysis of the Consciousness of Time

Both Franz Brentano and Edmund Husserl addressed sound while trying to explain the inner consciousness of time and gave to it the status of a supporting example. Although their inquiries were not aimed at clarifying in detail the nature of the auditory experience or sounds themselves, they made some interesting observations that can contribute to the current philosophical discussion on sounds. On the other hand, in analytic philosophy, while inquiring the nature of sounds, their location, auditory experience or the audible qualities and so on, the representatives of that trend of thought have remained silent about the depiction of sound and the auditory phenomena in the phenomenological tradition. The paper’s intention is to relate both endeavours, yet the perspective carried out is that of analytic philosophy and, thus, I pay special attention to conceptual analysis as a methodological framework. In this sense, I first explain what sound ontology is in the context of analytic philosophy and the views that it encompasses— namely, the Property View (PV), the Wave View (WV) and the Event View (EV)—. Secondly, I address the problems it entails, emphasising that of sound individuation. In a third section, I propose the possibly controversial conjunction of a “Brentano-Husserl Analysis of the Consciousness of Time” (for short “Brentano-Husserl analysis”) and outline the commonalities of both authors, without ignoring its discrepancies. My main focus is Husserl’s 1905 Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des Inneren Zeitbewusstseins. While addressing the Brentano-Husserl analysis, I elaborate on the problem of temporal and spatial extension (Raumlichkeit and Zeitlichkeit, respectively) of both consciousness and sound. Such comparison is a key one, since after these two developments, one can notice some theoretical movements concerning the shift of attention from sounds to the unity of consciousness, and how they mirror each other. After examining the controversial claims concerning the temporal and spatial extension of both consciousness and sound, I argue in the concluding paragraphs that while considering the accounts of sound ontology, the Brentano-Husserl analysis would probably endorse a Property View and that this could have interesting consequences for the issue of Sound Individuation

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms of Corynebacterium urealyticum Clinical Isolates

Corynebacterium urealyticum is a non-diphtherial urease-producing clinically relevant corynebacterial, most frequently involved in urinary tract infections. Most of the C. urealyticum clinical isolates are frequently resistant to several antibiotics. We investigated the susceptibility of 40 C. urealyticum isolated in our institution during the period 2005-2017 to eight compounds representative of the main clinically relevant classes of antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Epsilometer test. Resistance genes were searched by PCR. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin whereas linezolid and rifampicin also showed good activity (MICs90 = 1 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively). Almost all isolates (39/40, 97.5%) were multidrug resistant. The highest resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (100%), followed by erythromycin (95%) and levofloxacin (95%). Ampicillin resistance was associated with the presence of the blaA gene, encoding a class A ?-lactamase. The two rifampicin-resistant strains showed point mutations driving amino acid replacements in conserved residues of RNA polymerase subunit ? (RpoB). Tetracycline resistance was due to an efflux-mediated mechanism. Thirty-nine PFGE patterns were identified among the 40 C. urealyticum, indicating that they were not clonally related, but producing sporadic infections. These findings raise the need of maintaining surveillance strategies among this multidrug resistant pathogen.This research was funded by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013-2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) D16/0016/0007 and RD16/0016/0008), and co-financed by European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014-2020

Situação atual dos centenários no município de Media Luna

Introduction: the life expectancy has increased with the passage of the years, reason why, the world is subject to an important population aging. Objective: to describe the current status of the centennial population of the Media Luna municipality in the period January - September 2018. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, with the objective of describing the current status of the centennial population of the Media Luna municipality in the period January - September 2018. The population consisted of 15 centenarian senior citizens that constitute the totality of the elderly with more than 100 years in the municipality. To obtain the information, the documentary analysis was used based on the review of cynical stories and medical records. In the processing of the information, the percentage calculation was used in the summary of the statistical information. Results: the predominance of the group of adults older than 100 to 102 years, with a majority of females and without cognitive impairment, with a functional evaluation of dependence at least for one activity and predominance of arterial hypertension as the underlying disease. Conclusions: there is a marked relationship between the existence of cognitive impairment and the presence of unfavorable emotional states as part of the affective-cognitive interrelation of the personality.  Introducción: la expectativa de vida ha aumentado con el paso de los años, por lo que, el mundo está sometido a un  importante envejecimiento poblacional.Objetivo: describir el estado actual de la población centenaria del municipio Media Luna en el período  enero - septiembre  de 2018.Método: se realizó  un estudio  descriptivo de corte transversal, con el objetivo de  describir el estado actual de la población centenaria del municipio Media Luna en el período  enero - septiembre  de 2018. La población estuvo conformada por  15  adultos mayores centenarios que constituyen la totalidad de los adultos mayores con más de 100 años en el municipio. Para la obtención de la información se empleó el análisis documental a partir de la revisión de historias cínicas y registros médicos. En el procesamiento de la información  se empleó  el cálculo porcentual en el resumen de la información estadística.Resultados: se destacaron el predominio del grupo de adultos mayores de 100 a 102 años, con mayoría del sexo femenino y  sin deterioro cognitivo, con una evaluación funcional de dependencia al menos para una actividad  y predominio de la hipertensión arterial como enfermedad de base.Conclusiones: existe una  marcada relación entre la existencia de deterioro cognitivo y la presencia de estados emocionales desfavorables como parte de la interrelación  afectivo-cognitivo de  la personalidad.Introdução: a expectativa de vida tem aumentado com o passar dos anos, pelo que, o mundo está sujeito a um importante envelhecimento populacional.Objetivo: descrever a situação atual da população centenária do município de Media Luna no período de janeiro a setembro de 2018.Método: Um estudo descritivo transversal foi realizado a fim de descrever o estado atual da população centenária do município Crescent no período de janeiro a setembro de 2018. A população foi composta por 15 idosos centenários são todos os idosos com mais de 100 anos no município. Para obter as informações, a análise documental foi utilizada com base na revisão de histórias cínicas e registros médicos. No processamento das informações, o cálculo percentual foi utilizado no resumo das informações estatísticas.Resultados: A prevalência de grupo de adultos com idades compreendidas entre 100-102 anos, a maioria mulheres sem comprometimento cognitivo, uma avaliação da dependência funcional para, pelo menos, uma actividade e prevalência da hipertensão como a doença subjacente foram destacados.Conclusões: há uma relação marcante entre a existência de comprometimento cognitivo e a presença de estados emocionais desfavoráveis como parte da inter-relação afetivo-cognitiva da personalidade.

Ejercicio profesional del diseño industrial : un acercamiento al análisis de algunas de las especialidades más dinámicas en México

1 archivo PDF (175 páginas)Se discierne sobre la situación actual y futura que guardan algunas de las especialidades del diseño industrial que han resultado más dinámicas en el país, partiendo de la perspectiva de profesionales destacados. El primer artículo parte desde el campo de la investigación de diseño. En él se aborda a la profesión en el contexto de la dinámica de cambio organizacional, cuyas tendencias exigen de la misma una evolución en algunos de sus conceptos esenciales para mantenerse como herramienta competitiva del proceso comercial y productivo de manufacturas nacionales. Propone finalmente una tarea concreta para comenzar esta construcción de información a nivel nacional. Los siguientes artículos se centran en el valor principal de este proyecto. Fueron escritos por profesionales experimentados en alguna especialidad del diseño industrial en el país, con una intención evidente por verter al lector sus conocimientos. En sus conceptos, en ocasiones empíricos, se reflexiona sobre interrogantes concretas de los escenarios actuales y futuros de la especialidad de diseño respectiva, realizadas a partir de un conocimiento agudo del tema. Las posturas son diversas, se habla desde el contexto de la empresa transnacional hasta el de la pequeña y mediana empresa nacional; desde el producto para el mercado mundial, al destinado al mercado local; desde la tecnología de punta, a la mediana tecnología; desde las altas producciones, a las piezas únicas; desde los productos que marcan pauta en mercado, a los que siguen el concepto del líder. Es decir, se aborda la realidad amplia, cambiante y diversa que caracteriza en la actualidad al diseño industrial del país

Composición química, digestibilidad y rendimiento de Brachiaria decumbens a diferentes edades de rebrote

The objective of the study was to determine the chemical composition, digestibility and yield of Brachiaria decumbens at different regrowth ages. The times were; little rainy (January-April) and rainy (July-October). The treatments (regrowth ages: 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days) were distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The dry matter (DM) presented higher values ​​(p≤0.01), at 60 days with 6.05 and 1.83 t DM ha-1 for the rainy and dry season. The crude protein (p≤0.01) in both periods was reflected at 30 days, 11.82% for the rainy season and 12.28% for the dry season. The digestibility showed the highest percentages (p≤0.001) at 30 days in rains and little rains, with 57.9 and 61.13%. The chemical composition, digestibility and yield of Brachiaria decumbens were directly influenced by the different regrowth ages, by increasing the production of the plant and decreasing its quality. Quadratic and cubic regression equations (coefficients greater than 0.72) were obtained, which established a close relationship with age and performance indicators, chemical composition and digestibility.El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la composición química, digestibilidad y rendimiento de Brachiaria decumbens a diferentes edades de rebrote. Las epocas fueron; poco lluvioso (Enero-Abril) y lluvioso (Julio-Octubre). Los tratamientos (edades de rebrote: 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 y 105 días) se distribuyeron en un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro réplicas. La materia seca (MS) presentó valores superiores (p≤0.01), a los 60 días con 6.05 y 1.83 t MS ha-1 para el lluvioso y poco lluvioso. La proteína bruta (p≤0.01) en ambos períodos se reflejó a los 30 días, 11.82 % para el lluvioso y 12.28 % para el poco lluvioso. La digestibilidad mostró los porcentajes mayores (p≤0.001) a los 30 días en lluvias y pocas lluvias, con 57.9 y 61.13%. La composición química, digestibilidad y rendimiento de Brachiaria decumbens fue influenciada de forma directa por las diferentes edades de rebrote, al aumentar la producción de la planta y disminuir su calidad. Se obtuvieron ecuaciones de regresión cuadráticas y cúbicas (coeficientes superiores a 0.72) que establecieron una estrecha relación con la edad y los indicadores del rendimiento, la composición química y digestibilidad

Análisis del nicho climático de Coryphantha durangensis (Runge ex Schum.) Britton y Rose, 1923 e identificación de zonas potenciales para su conservación ante el cambio climático

Coryphantha durangensis it is an endemic cactus that lives in Mexico, in the center of the Chihuahuan desert, and is considered as Special Protection by the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 One of the greatest threats to this species is climate change and habitat loss. In the present study, the climatic niche of C. durangensis was evaluated and the habitat availability of this species was modeled using the MaxEnt algorithm under current climate conditions and future. The results show a reduction in the geographical areas that present climatically suitable conditions for the presence of this species for the year 2050 and 2070, however, four sites were identified that could be proposed as conservation areas for this and other species that cohabit in these zones.Coryphantha durangensis es una cactácea endémica que habita en México, en el centro del desierto Chihuahuense, y está considerada en la categoría de Protección Especial por la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Una de las mayores amenazas para esta especie es el cambio climático y pérdida de idoneidad climática para su presencia, en el presente estudio se evaluó el nicho climático de C. durangensis y se modeló la disponibilidad climática de esta especie mediante el algoritmo MaxEnt bajo condiciones del clima actual y futuro. Los resultados muestran una reducción en las zonas geográficas que presentan condiciones climáticamente adecuadas para la presencia de esta especie para el año 2050 y 2070. Sin embargo, se identificaron cuatro sitios que podrían ser propuestos como áreas de conservación para ésta y otras especies que cohabitan en estas zonas

Effects of Supplementation with Microminerals on Production Indicators and Blood, Feces, and Urine Traces of Grazing Alpaca (Lama lama)

To analyze the effect of additional microminerals in the diet supplement on weight and diameter of alpaca fiber, the application of three doses of selenium and zinc (0.0; 1.0; and 1.5 cc) on the diet, on CRD factorial arrangement (3 x 2) + (3 x 2), was assessed. The results showed statistically significant differencences for treatments: selenium doses, ages, zinc doses, and for zinc interaction by ages (Se1E2 with 74.33 kg at 90 days, for height at the withers, Zn1E2, averaging 91.33 cm). Fiber length for treatments Se1E1 and Se1E2 averaged 3 cm. For fiber diameter, treatments 1 (Se0E1) and Se1E1, group 1, and treatments Zn0E2 and Zn1E1, group 2, showed the best fiber quality (P < 0.05), averaging 28 microns. Live weight and fiber quality from mature animals based on supplementation with Se and Zn had beneficial effects, which improved phenotypical features of production, like live weight, though residues were found in 3-5 year old animals

Boletín MOMENTO ECONÓMICO, año 2, núms. 23-24, Julio-Agosto 2012.

Las campañas realizadas para las elecciones federales del pasado 1 de julio, pusieron en evidencia la necesidad de un amplio debate sobre cuál debe ser la estrategia a seguir para construir en México un proceso económico de desarrollo incluyente, sustentable y con equidad social. Fueron diversas variables las que pusieron de manifiesto la urgencia de avanzar en esta dirección: la ausencia de reflexión sobre el tema, la parcialidad de los enfoques y la falta de objetividad en la evaluación de los resultados del modelo aplicado en las tres últimas décadas, entre otras. Culminado el proceso electoral, a dos semanas de que el Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación lo califique y a escasos tres meses de que dé inicio un nuevo mandato presidencial, el entorno económico nacional y mundial nos exigen, una vez más, reflexionar sobre la validez de la estrategia económica aplicada para promover el desarrollo y enfrentar la profunda crisis por la que atraviesa el sistema económico en su conjunto